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By Bodie V. Pennisi, Extension Floriculture Specialist
Department of Horticulture

• Tender Perennials and Tropical Plants
• Essentials of Container Gardening
• Selecting Containers
• Designing with Plants
• Working with Shape, Texture and Color
• Plant Positions in the Container
• Where to Place Containers
• Fertilizing Tropical Plants in Containers
• Theme Gardens
• Plant Maintenance
• Container Recipes
• Table 1: Selected Commonly Marketed Tropical Plants

Container gardening has enjoyed an increased popularity in the last decade. With increased urbanization, container gardens have come to the rescue to brighten up patios and balconies. A great many plants have been used in container gardens — from herbaceous annuals, bulbs, succulents and perennials to woody Japanese maples and conifers.

Tender Perennials and Tropical Plants

Particularly in the South, high heat and humidity often combined with drought, present a serious challenge to ornamental gardening. This can be especially true for container gardens, where plant roots have limited soil space to access water and nutrients. Large day-to-day fluctuations in soil moisture and nutrients occur in the enclosed container space. Optimal growth and flowering can be adversely affected. Select plants carefully, with consideration as to whether the plants can not only withstand these conditions but perform satisfactorily under them. In addition, it is a good idea to include plants with significant foliar interest, to supplement flowering materials that may not be at their best throughout the season.

Many plants considered tender perennials and tropicals hold up very well in the challenging conditions and can tolerate extremes of heat, humidity, and moisture. Some are uniquely adapted to low-light environments and can be used in containers suited for shaded areas. These plants are traditionally used as interiorscape plants, but they have shown much potential for outdoor use in the summer as well. Others can tolerate or even thrive in full sun.

Because most interiorscape plants are selected for their attractive foliage, the mixed garden will permanently exhibit interest.

This publication is intended to provide information on successful gardening in containers using tropical plant materials.

 

Essentials of Container Gardening

Selecting Containers

Because of the great variety of options, choosing containers can be challenging but enjoyable! The price range can be wide, especially for large, terracotta glazed containers, which usually are most expensive. Many people choose plastic containers, which are less expensive. These can be just as attractive as heavy clay pots and not as liable to breakage. You can select moss or coco fiber baskets or plastic baskets. Both work equally well as far as plant performance is concerned.

The style and shape of the container should complement the plants grown. The style and shape also should complement other containers for best display. The size of the container will limit the size of the plant. A wide range of materials is available — plastics, fiberglass, terra cotta, stone and wood.

 

Make sure that used containers are clean. Wash out any old compost, chemical or paint residues. To help prolong the life of wooden containers, line them with plastic. The type of plants will determine the growing conditions you will need to create.

Unless you are creating a bog garden, the container must have drainage holes. If not, the compost will become saturated and stagnant, killing the plants. A 3- to 5-gallon container should have at least four drainage holes. Containers made of molded foam usually do not come with pre-drilled holes, so you must add them. There’s usually a reminder from the manufacturer so you won’t forget.

Here are a few things to keep in mind when selecting baskets. Moss lining looks natural and allows easy planting through the base and sides of the basket. You can use a black plastic (polyethelene) liner inside the moss liner if holes are pierced through. This helps hold moisture while retaining a “natural” effect. Coconut-fiber matting liners are a woolly-textured, natural-looking fiber that lasts several seasons.

Biodegradeable liners are made from compressed fibers, and will last for 2 years or more. Holes need to be made in sides and base for trailing plants. Plastic, when used alone with pierced holes, is an effective container but it only looks good if plants grow over to camouflage the container.

Soils for containers need to have three key elements: (1) drainage, (2) aeration and (3) water retention. If you use moss, coco fiber baskets or any container that allows high evaporation, consider adding a water-retaining agent to the soil mix. Mix a moisture-retaining agent in the medium (follow manufacturer’s recommendation for mixing rates) or purchase a soilless medium premixed with a moisture retaining agent.

Designing with Plants

When planning a container garden, you should follow some basic design principles.

The first design principle is focus. You need to draw the eye toward the center of the container and let the other plants complement and “flow” around this center. In Figure 3, the visually strong Begonia foliage serves that purpose.

The second design principle is balance. This may be accomplished using symmetrical or asymmetrical design. In symmetrical designs, there is an equal amount of plant material on all sides. In the container shown in Figure 3, the vertical begonia pulls the eye to the top right, while the trailing ivy draws the eye to the bottom left creating an asymmetrical effect. In either case balanced design is achieved.

Form is the third design principle. Each plant in the design has a growth habit, or form. Some plants have a strong upright habit. Others have a sprawling habit, while a third type grows as a mound. Each of these habits can contribute to the overall aesthetic quality of the container garden if used in the right place. In the example in Figure 4, the Elephant ear (Alocasia) gives the design height, the Coleus and New Guinea Impatiens show a mounded habit, and the Ivy drapes over the container’s edge.

A fourth design principle is texture. Various plants have different textured foliage. Some have linear leaves, like grasses, Dracaena or Cordyline. Others have rounded leaves, like the Elephant ear, Begonia, Philodendron and Coleus. A good design will use a variety of textures to make “a feast for the eye.”

A fifth design principle is rhythm. Rhythm is achieved by planting the same or similar-looking plants at repeated intervals. When the eye travels around the container, the viewer gets a sense of a rhythmic movement.

A sixth design principle is proportion. To keep plants and container in proportion and achieve a balanced appearance, the height of the plants should not exceed three times the height of the container. For shallow or small containers, choose plants that will not get too large and/or choose plants with small-sized foliage. For large or tall containers, choose medium to large plants and/or plants with large leaves.

 

Working with Shape, Texture, and Color

Along with the tropical foliage plants, you can use flowering annuals such as Vinca, Wax Begonia, Ivy Geranium, Bacopa, Calibrachoa, Torenia, New Guinea Impatiens, regular Impatiens, Verbena, Portulaca and Lantana.

Caladium cultivars are available in a great variety of foliage colors, shapes and sizes. They can also help “echo” the color of flowers in the container.

Tropical plants boast a wonderful variety of foliage textures and colors. Mix plants with at least three textures of foliage to make a container garden interesting (Figure 9).

 

Some good foliage contrasts include downy with glossy, small with large, and yellow or lime-green with purple. Some of those in Figure 10: the glossy Begonia ‘Dragon Wing’ against the matte leaves of Setcresea and the chartreuse of Ipomoea ‘Marguerite’ with the purple of Setcresea.

 

Plant Positions in the Container

Figure 11 shows an arrangement of plants.

Center plants provide compact, upright growth to fill in the crown of the container. Examples are Elephant Ears (Alocasia, Colocasia), Dracaena, Cordyline, palms.

Filler plants typically have compact, upright growth and round out the top of the container. Examples are Cuphea, Coffee, Ctenanthe, gingers, Graptopetalum.

Corner plants grow well over the container’s edge and benefit from a corner position where they have maximum elbowroom. Examples are: Begonia, Alternantera, bromeliads, Fittonia, Pillea, Peperomia.

Edge plants drape over the side, softening the look of the container and filling out the space between its corners. Examples are Ivy, String of pearls, Hoya, Tradescantia, Selaginella.

Refer to Table 1 for a list of plants, their characteristics and intended use in a container garden.

In a successful container garden all plants combined in one container must have similar water, light and fertilizer requirements.

Where to Place Containers

When choosing a location for your container garden, avoid exposed windy sites. (Figure 12) Plants in windy locations use a large amount of water in order to survive. Windy, hot, conditions may require watering every few hours, especially if the plants are large, and/or the container is small.

For locations that receive 4-12 hours of sun a day, select full sun to part shade plants. For locations that receive 2-4 hours of sun daily, select plants for part or full shade. Many tropical plants have flexible light requirements and will grow well in shade, although flowering may be reduced. If using shade requiring plants listed in Table 1, you may include them in the side of the container that will not be exposed to direct sun. This way they will not burn, yet they will receive ample light for good growth.

Fertilizing Tropical Plants in Containers

For best results with tropical plants, regular fertilization should be done with a combination of liquid feed and a slow-release fertilizer. You can apply slow-release fertilizer at planting, mixed in the soil or top-dress, or use a soilless mix with slow-release fertilizer incorporated in. Depending on the duration of the slow-release fertilizer formulation, you may have to make several applications. Follow label directions when applying fertilizers.

Theme Gardens

You may also create a theme garden, such as a fern garden (Figure 13), or a succulent garden (Figure 14). Theme gardens usually combine plant species that are either closely related, such as ferns, or belong to a category, such as cacti and succulents. Since the plants included in a theme usually have similar light, moisture, and nutrient requirements, these gardens are easy to care for.

 

Plant Maintenance

Nothing lasts forever! Container gardens need to be gardened. (Figure 15)

Most plants benefit from pinching, which is the removal of young tissue located at the tips. This encourages branching and fuller growth. Later in the season, trimming may be needed in order to rejuvenate the plant.

Spraying for pests and diseases may be needed; usually insecticidal soap and/or insecticidal oil are sufficient in holding the pests in check.

Remove weeds by hand.

 

Container Recipes

The following container gardens were created and maintained at the Research and Education Garden at the University of Georgia Campus in Griffin, Georgia. The containers used were 36-inch or larger in diameter, made of foam or plastic. They were planted in late April or early May in bark-based commercial mix, supplemented with a slow-release fertilizer and a water-retention agent.

Combinations for Sun/Part Shade

 

Combinations for Shade

 

Table 1. Selected commonly marketed tropical plants, their cultural requirements, and recommended use in containers.
Abbreviations: S = full sun, PS = part shade, SH = shade; CE = Center plants fill in the crown of the container, F = filler plants round out the top of the container, CO = corner plants are planted over the container’s edge, E = edge plants drape over the side of the container.
Botanical Name	Common Name	Light Level	Container Use
Acalypha hispida	Chenile Plant	S/PS	CE/F
Acalypha wilkesiana	Copper-Leaf Plant	S/PS	CE/F
Achimenes spp.	Magic Flower	PS/SH	CO/E
Adiantum radianum	Maidenhair Fern	SH	F/CO
Aechmea fasciata	Silver Vase	PS/SH	F/CO
Aeschynanthus marmoratus	Zebra Basket Vine	PS/SH	F/CO/E
Aeschynanthus pulcher	Lipstick Vine	PS/SH	CO/E
Agave americana	Variegated Century Plant	S	CE/F
Agave victoriae-reginae	Queen Agave	S	CE/F
Aglaonema spp.	Aglaonema	SH	F/CO
Allamanda cathartica	Allamanda	S	F/CO
Alloplectus nummularia	Miniature Pouch Flower	S	F/CO
Allocasia spp.	Elephant Ear	S/PS	CE/F
Aloe aborescens	Candelabra Plant	S	CE/F
Aloe barbadensis	Medicine Plant	S	CE/F
Alpinia sanderae	Variegated Ginger	S/PS/SH	CE/F
Alpinia zerumbet ‘Variegata’	Yellow Shell Ginger	S/PS/SH	CE/F
Alternanthera cvs.	Alternanthera	S/PS	CE/F/CO
Amomum cardamom	Cardamon Ginger	PS/SH	CE/F
Amorphophallus bulbifer	Amorphophallus	SH	CE/F
Ananas ‘Striatus’	Variegated Pineapple	S	CE/F
Anthurium clarinervium	Dwarf Crystal Anthurium	SH	F/CO
Anthurium hookeri	Bird’s Nest Anthurium	SH	F/CO
Anthurium scherzeranum	Flamingo Flower	SH	F/CO
Aphelandra squarrosa	Zebra Plant	SH	F/CO
Asparagus densiflorus ‘Myers’	Plume Asparagus	S/PS	F/CO
Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’	Foxtail Fern	S/PS	CE/F
Aspidistra elatior	Cast Iron Plant	SH	CE/F
Asplenium nidus	Bird’s Nest Fern	SH	CE/F
Barleria repens	Coral Creeper	S	CO
Beaucarnea recurvata	Ponytail	S	CE/F
Begonia spp. Cane-stemmed (B. sceptrum) Shrub-like (B. metallica) Rex-cultorum (B. x rex-cultorum) Rhizomatous (B. masoniana)	Begonia Holly-Leaf Begonia Metallic-Leaf Begonia Rex Begonia Iron-Cross Begonia	PS/SH PS/SH PS/SH PS/SH	CE CE/F F/CO F/CO
Billbergia nutans	Queen’s Tears	SH	CE/F
Billbergia zebrina	Zebra Plant	SH	CE
Bougainvillea spp.	Bougainvillea	S	F/CO
Brassaia actinophylla	Schefflera	S/SH	CE/F
Brassaia arboricola	Dwarf Schefflera	S/SH	CE/F
Breynia roseo-picta	Leaf Flower	S	CE/F
Caladium cvs.	Caladium	SH	F/CO
Calathea insignis	Rattlesnake Plant	SH	CE/F/CO
Calathea makoyana	Peacock Plant	SH	F/CO
Calathea zebrina	Zebra Plant	SH	CE/F/CO
Callisia repens ‘Turtle Vine’	Turtle Vine	S/PS	CO/E
Canna cvs.	Canna	S	CE
Caryota mitis	Fishtail Palm	S/SH	CE
Ceropegia woodii	Rosary Vine	S	E
Chamaedorea elegans	Parlor Palm	S/SH	CE
Chamaedorea erumpens	Bamboo Palm	S/SH	CE
Chamaerops humilis	European Fan Palm	S/SH	CE
Chlorophytum comosum	Spider Plant	SH	CO
Chlorophytum amaniense	Fireflash	SH	F/CO
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens	Areca Palm	S/SH	CE
Christia obcordata	Butterfly Plant	S/PS	CO
Christia subbcordata	Iron Butterfly Plant	S/PS	CO
Cissus antarctica	Kangaroo Vine	PS/SH	E
Cissus rhombifolia	Grape Leaf Ivy	PS/SH	E
Cissus rotundifolia	Wax Cissus	PS/H	E
Cleriodendron spp.	Glory Bower	S/PS	CE/F/CO
Codiaeum variegatum	Croton	S/PS	CE/F
Coffea arabica	Coffee	S/PS	CE/F
Colocasia spp.	Elephant Ear	S/PS	CE/F
Columnea hybrids	Goldfish Plant	PS/SH	E
Cordyline terminalis	Ti Plant	S/PS	CE/F
Costus spp.	Spiral Ginger	PS/SH	CE/F
Crassula arborescens	Silver Jade Plant	S	CO
Crassula ovata	Jade Plant	S	CO
Crassula teres	Rattlesnake Tail	S	CO
Crossandra infundibuliformis	Crossandra	S/PS	F/CO
Cryptanthus tricolor	Stiff Pheasant Leaf	PS	CO
Cryptanthus zonatus zebrinus	Zebra Plant	PS	CO
Ctenanthe oppenheimiana ‘Tricolor’	Never-Never Plant	SH	CE/F
Cuphea cyanea	Red Cuphea	S	F/CO
Cuphea hyssopifolia	False Heather	S	CO
Cuphea ignea	Cigar Flower	S	CE
Cuphea x purpurea	Firefly	S	CE/F
Curculigo purpurea ‘Purple Prince’	Purple Prince	SH	CE
Curcuma spp.	Ginger	S/PS/SH	CE
Cyanotis kewensis	Teddy Bear Plant	S/PS	CO/E
Cyanotis somalensis	Pussy Ears	S/PS	CO/E
Cyclanthus bipartitus	Panama Hat Plant	SH	CE/F
Cyrtomium falcatum	Holly Fern	SH	F/CO
Cyrtosperma johnstonii	Cyrtosperma	SH	CE/F
Cyathula prostrata	Hookweed	S	CO
Davallia fejeensis	Rabbit’s Foot Fern	SH	CO
Dieffenbachia cvs.	Exotica Perfection	SH	CE/F
Dichondra repens ‘Silver Falls’	Silver Falls Dichondra	S/PS	E
Dichorisandra reginae	Queen’s Spiderwort	PS/SH	CO
Dicliptera suberecta	Flame Bush	S	CO
Dioscorea discolor ‘Burgundy & Silver’	Ornamental Yam	S	CO/E
Dischidia spp.	Urn Vine	PS/SH	E
Dizygotheca elegantissima	False Aralia	PS/SH	CE/F
Dracaena deremensis ‘Janet Craig’	Janet Craig	PS/SH	CE/CO
Dracaena deremensis ‘Warneckii’	Warneckii	PS/SH	CE
Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’	Corn Plant	PS/SH	CE
Dracaena goldieana	Queen of Dracaenas	PS/SH	CO
Dracaena marginata	Marginata	PS/SH	CE
Dracaena sanderiana	Ribbon Plant	SH	CE
Dracaena surculosa	Gold Dust Dracaena	SH	F/CO
Dyckia brevifolia	Miniature Agave	S	F/CO
Echeveria elegans	Mexican Snowball	S	CO
Epiphyllum hybrids	Orchid Cacti	SH	F/CO
Epipremnum aureum	Golden Pothos	SH	E
Episcia cupreata	Flame Violet	SH	CO/E
Episcia reptans	Scarlet Violet	SH	E
Euphorbia milii splendens	Crown-of-Thorns	S/PS	CE/F
Fatshedera lizei	Botanical Wonder Plant	S/SH	CE/F
Fatsia japonica	Japanese Aralia	S/SH	CE/F
Ficus benjamina	Weeping Fig	S/SH	CE/F/CO
Ficus deltoidea	Mistletoe Ficus	S/SH	CE/F/CO
Ficus elastica ‘Decora’	Rubber Plant	S/SH	CE/F
Ficus lyrata	Fiddle-Leaf Fig	S/SH	CE/F
Ficus parcellii	Clown Fig	S/SH	F/CE
Ficus pumila	Creeping Fig	S/SH	E
Ficus retusa	Cuban Laurel	S/SH	CE/F/CO
Fittonia verschaffeltii	Fittonia	SH	E
Gasteria hybrida	Ox Tongue	S	CO
Geogenanthus undatus	Seersucker Plant	SH	CO
Globba spp.	Globba Ginger	S/SH	CE/F/CO
Graptopetalum amethystinum	Jewel-Leaf Plant	SH	CO
Graptophyllum pictum	Caricature Plant	S/PS/SH	CE/F
Guzmania monostachia	Striped Torch	SH	CO
Gynura aurantiaca	Purple Passion	S	F/CO
Haemaria discolor	Golden Lace Orchid	SH	CO
Hamelia patens	Texas Firebush	S	CE/F
Haworthia fasciata	Zebra Haworthia	S	CO
Hedera canariensis	Algerian Ivy	S/SH	E
Hedera helix	English Ivy	S/SH	E
Hedychium spp.	Butterfly Ginger	S	CE
Heliconia spp.	Lobster Claw	PS/SH	CE
Hemigraphis alternata	Waffle Plant	S/SH	CO/E
Hemigraphis repanda	Purple Waffle Plant	S/SH	CO/E
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	Chinese hibiscus	S	CE/F
Hoffmania spp.	Taffeta Plant	SH	CO
Homalomena wallisii	Silver Shield	SH	CO
Howea forsterana	Kentia Palm	S/SH	CE/F
Hoya carnosa	Wax Plant	PS/SH	E
Iresine herbstii	Chicken Gizzard	S/PS	F/CO
Ixora coccinea	Ixora	S/PS	F/CO
Jatropha integerrima	Peregrian	S	CE/F
Justicia brandegeana	Shrimp Plant	S	F/CO
Kaempferia spp.	Peacock Lily	SH	F/CO
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana	Christmas Kalanchoe	S	CO
Kalanchoe diagremontiana	Mexican Hat Plant	S	CE/F
Kalanchoe pumila	Dwarf Purple Kalanchoe	S	E
Kalanchoe tomentosa	Panda Plant	S	CO
Ledebouria socialis	Silver Squill	PS/SH	CO
Ludisia discolor	Jewel Orchid	SH	CO
Macodes petola	Gold-Net Orchid	SH	CO
Manettia inflata	Firecracker Plant	S	CO
Mandevilla cvs.	Mandevilla	S	F/CO
Maranta leuconeura erythroneura	Red Nerve Plant	SH	CO
Maranta leuconeura kerchoviana	Prayer Plant	SH	CO
Miconia magnifica	Velvet Tree	SH	F/CE
Mikania ternata	Plush Vine	PS/SH	E
Monstera deliciosa	Philodendron Pertusum	SH	F/CO
Monstera obliqua	Swiss Cheese	SH	F/CO/E
Musa cvs.	Ornamental Banana	S/PS	CE
Nautilocalyx lynchii	Black Alloplectus	PS/SH	CO
Neoregelia carolinae ‘Tricolor’	Tricolor Bromeliad	SH	CO
Neoregelia ‘Tricolor’	Tricolor Bromeliad	SH	CO
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Bostoniensis’	Boston Fern	PS/SH	F/CO
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Fluffy Ruffles’	Fluffy Ruffles	PS/SH	F/CO
Nidularium innocentii nana	Miniature Bird’s Nest	SH	F/CO
Opuntia vilis	Little Tree Cactus	S	F/CO
Opuntia vulgaris	Irish Mittons	S	F/CO
Oxalis flava	Finger Oxalis	SH/PS	CO
Oxalis rubra	Red Oxalis	SH/PS	CO
Pachystachys lutea	Yellow Shrimp Plant	S	F/CO
Pandanus veithcii	Variegated Screw-Pine	S	CE/F
Paphiopedilum hybrids	Ladyslipper Orchids	SH	F
Pedilanthus tithymaloides ‘Variegatus’	Devil’s Backbone	S/PS	CE/F
Pellaea rotundifolia	Button Fern	SH	F/CO
Pellionia pulchra	Satin Pellionia	SH	CO/E
Peperomia caperata	Emerald Ripple	SH	CO
Peperomia clusiifolia	Red-Edge Peperomia	SH	CO
Peperomia marmorata	Sweetheart Peperomia	SH	CO
Peperomia obtusifolia	Baby Rubber Tree	SH	CO
Peristrophe aureo-variegata	Marble Leaf	SH	CO
Philodendron bipennifolium	Fiddle-Leaf Philodendron	SH	CE/F
Philodendron melanochrysum	Velour Philodendron	SH	E
Philodendron ‘Emerald Queen’	Emerald Queen Philodendron	SH	F/CO
Philodendron ‘Florida’	Florida Philodendron	SH	F/CO
Philodendron gloriosum	Satin-Leaf Philodendron	SH	CO/E
Philodendron scandens oxycardium	Heart-Leaf Philodendron	SH	E
Philodendron selloum	Tree Philodendron	SH	CE/F/CO
Philodendron verrucosum	Velvet-Leaf Philodendron	SH	CO/E
Phoenix roebelenii	Pigmy Date Palm	S	CE/F
Phormium cvs.	New Zealand Flax	S	CE
Pilea cadierei	Aluminum Plant	SH	CO/E
Pilea involucrata	Friendship Plant	SH	F/CO
Pilea microphylla	Artillery Plant	S/SH	F/CO
Platycerium bifurcatum	Staghorn Fern	SH	F/CO
Plectranthus australis	Swedish Ivy	S/SH	CO/E
Plectranthus oertendahlii	Candle Plant	S/SH	E
Pleomele reflexa variegata	Song of India	S/SH	CE/F
Plumaria cvs.	Frangipani	S	CE/F
Podocarpus macrophyllus	Podocarpus	S/SH	CE
Polyscias balfouriana	Balfour Aralia	S/SH	CE/F
Polyscias fruticosa	Ming Aralia	S/SH	CE/F
Porphyrocoma pohliana	Brazilian Fireworks	S	CO
Pseudoranthemum alatum	Chocolate Plant	S/PS	CE/F
Pseudoranthemum atropurpureum ‘Variegatum’	Tricolor	S/PS	CE/F
Pteris ensiformis ‘Victoriae’	Victorian Table Fern	SH	CO
Rhapis excelsa	Lady Palm	S/SH	CE
Rhipsalis baccifera	Mistletoe Cactus	S	E
Rhipsalis cereuscula	Coral Cactus	S	CO/E
Rhoeo bermudensis	Variegated Spiderwort	PS/SH	CO
Rhoeo spathacea	Purple-Leaved Spiderwort	PS/SH	CO
Rodospatha spp.	Pickerel Weed	SH	CO
Ruellia devosiana	Red-Spray Ruellia	S/PS	F/CO
Ruellia macoyana	Trailing Velvet Plant	PS/SH	E
Rusellia equisetiformis	Coral Fountain Plant	S	CO
Saintpaulia hybrids	African Violets	SH	CO
Sanchezia speciosa	Sanchezia	S/PS	F/CO
Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Hahnii’	Bird’s Nest Sansevieria	S/SH	CO
Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Laurentii’	Gold-Banded Sansevieria	S/SH	CE
Saxifraga stolonifera	Strawberry Geranium	PS/SH	E
Schlumbergera spp.	Christmas/Easter Cactus	S	CO/E
Scindapsus aureus	Golden Pothos	SH	E
Scindapsus pictus	Silver Pothos	SH	E
Scindapsus pictus argyreus	Satin Pothos	SH	E
Sedum morganianum	Burro’s Tail	S	E
Sedum sieboldii	October Daphne	S	CO/E
Sedum spectabile	Showy Sedum	S	CO
Selaginella kraussiana	Trailing Spikemoss	SH	E
Selaginella willdenovii	Peacock Fern	SH	E
Sempervivum spp.	Houseleek	S	CO
Setaria palmifolia	Palm Grass	S/PS	F
Setcresea pallida ‘Purple Heart’	Purple Heart	S/PS	CO
Sideras fuscata	Brown Spiderwort	PS/SH	CO/E
Sinningia speciosa	Gloxinia	SH	CO
Soleirolia soleirolii	Baby Tears	S/SH	CO
Spathiphyllum cvs.	Peace Lily	SH	F/CO
Stapelia nobilis	Carrion Flower	S	CO
Stephanotis floribunda	Madagascar Jasmine	S	CO/E
Strelitzia spp.	Bird of Paradise	S	CE
Streptocarpus x hybridus	Cape Primrose	S/PS	CO
Strobilanthes dyeranum	Persian Shield	S/PS	F/CO
Stromanthe spp.	Stromanthe	SH	CE/F
Syngonium podophyllum	Nephthytis	SH	CO/E
Tacca integrifolia	Bat Flower	SH	F/CO
Tecoma stans	Trumpet Bush	S	F
Tecomaria capensis	Cape Honeysuckle	S	F
Tetrapanax papyrifer	Rice-Paper Plant	S	CE/F
Tibouchina urvilleana	Brazilian Spider Flower	S	CE/F
Tibouchina grandiflora	Glory Bush	S	CE/F/CO
Tillandsia lendenii	Blue-Flowered Torch	SH	CO
Tolmiea menziesii	Piggyback Plant	PS/SH	CO/E
Tradescantia blossfeldiana	Flowering Inch Plant	PS/SH	CO/E
Tradescantia fluminensis	Wandering Jew	PS/SH	CO/E
Tradescantia sillamontana	White Velvet	PS/SH	CO/E
Tradescantia zebrina	Wandering Jew	PS/SH	CO/E
Vriesea fenestralis	Netted Vriesia	SH	CO
Vriesea splendens	Flaming Sword	SH	CO
Xanthosoma spp.	Yautia	SH	CE/F
Yucca elephantipes	Spineless Yucca	S	CE/F
Zamia furfuracea	Zamia	S	F
Zamioculcas zamiifolia	ZZ Plant	SH	CE/F
Zantedeschia aethiopica	Calla Lily	S	CE/F
Zantedeschia eliottiana	Golden Calla	S	CE/F

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Status and Revision History
Published on Feb 03, 2008
Published on Nov 01, 2010
Published with Full Review on Feb 01, 2014
Published with Full Review on Mar 28, 2017
Published with Full Review on May 27, 2020
Published with Full Review on Jul 21, 2022